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#43Financials· Transaction & Payment Processing Services

VStrong Buy

Visa Inc.

$325.75USD
63
Composite Score62.9Strong
+15
Margin of safety+15%Fair value
Fair value$383.01
Target$653.99
Loss chance28%

Price (1y)

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Fair price check

2 different valuation methods each estimate what V should be worth, then we compare to today's price.

Near fair value
Models suggest V is priced roughly in line
Today's price
$325.75
Median fair price
$383.01
+18% vs today
Of 2 methods:1 say cheap1 say pricey
  • P/E multiplesUndervalued
    thinks it's a bargainestimates $653.99, about 101% above today
  • P/B multiplesOvervalued
    thinks it's expensiveestimates $112.03, about 66% below today

How to read this: “Cheap” = method's fair price is at least 20% above today. “Fair” = within ±10–20%. “Pricey” = at least 10% below today. Outliers (values more than 5× or less than 0.2× today's price) are excluded.

Fair price ensemble

Median fair
$383.01
Margin of safety
+15.0%
Max (ex-outliers)
$653.99
Tangible BVPS
MethodValue
Graham (defensive)skipped
P/E multiples(vs sector peers)$653.99
P/B multiples(vs sector peers)$112.03
EV/EBITDAskipped
Residual Incomeskipped
DCF (2-stage)skipped
  • cross source disagreement

Median of all applicable methods (current price $325.75). Outliers above 5× or below 0.2× current price are excluded from the max but kept in the median. See methodology for the 6-method ensemble + 7 defenses.

Pillar breakdown

8 dimensions, each scored 0–100 against the universe

Financials median (n=75)
  • Quality
    Profit margins & asset efficiency
    75
    Strong
  • Value
    Price vs fundamentals
    62
    Decent
  • Growth
    Revenue & earnings trajectory
    66
    Decent
  • Momentum
    Recent price strength
    42
    Weak
  • Health
    Balance sheet & solvency
    51
    Decent
  • Profitability
    ROE, ROA, ROIC
    74
    Strong
  • Technical
    Trend & volatility signals
    63
    Decent
  • Risk
    Volatility & drawdown profile
    55
    Decent
0305070100
Strong (70+)Decent (50–70)Weak (30–50)Poor (<30)

Pillars not shown: Sentiment, ML (Phase 5+).

Raw fundamentals (SEC EDGAR)

MetricValue
Market cap$152.87B
Revenue (TTM)$43.03B
Net income (TTM)$22.24B
Operating cash flow (TTM)$22.76B
CapEx (TTM)$1.57B
Free cash flow (TTM)CFO − CapEx$21.18B
Total assets$95.05B
Total liabilities$59.39B
Stockholders' equity$26.44B
Cash & equivalents$12.40B
Shares outstanding469.28M
EPS (basic)N/A
EPS (diluted)N/A
P/E ratio (TTM)6.87

TTM = trailing twelve months. Balance sheet items are point-in-time (latest filing).

Data quality

Latest filed date
2026-04-29
Latest period end
2026-03-31
Filing lag
17 days
Missing metrics
6(eps_basic, eps_diluted, gross_profit, cost_of_revenue, research_and_development, inventory)

Phase 3c — composite is the 8-pillar weighted score over quality, value, growth, momentum, health, profitability, technical, and risk. Sentiment + ML pillars land in Phases 5-6; until then their weight redistributes pro-rata. Fair price is the median of 6 valuation methods (Graham, P/E / P/B / EV-EBITDA multiples, RIM, DCF) with outliers above 5× current price excluded from the max. Risk-overlay flags annotate only — they suppress the entered-top-5 badge but do not modify the composite.